SANTIAGO, Chile (AP) — La crisis migratoria en la frontera entre Chile y Perú se intensificó el jueves mientras cientos de personas permanecían varadas, incapaces de cruzar a Perú en un esfuerzo por regresar a su país de origen, Venezuela.
Los migrantes, en su mayoría venezolanos, buscan cruzar a Perú para continuar hacia su país de origen, pero Perú no les permite ingresar porque carecen de documentos.
Estancados en la frontera de los dos países sudamericanos, los migrantes enfrentan el clima inhóspito que caracteriza al desierto de Atacama, uno de los más secos del planeta, con días extremadamente calurosos y noches intensamente frías. Algunos tienen tiendas de campaña improvisadas con mantas pero carecen de agua y otros servicios básicos.
Un grupo de migrantes corrió por el desierto hacia Perú, pero fueron rechazados por oficiales peruanos. Algunas mujeres se quejaron y exigieron al gobierno del presidente Gabriel Boric que les proporcione un autobús para viajar a Venezuela.
Las imágenes mostraban a migrantes empujando a agentes de la patrulla fronteriza peruana en un esfuerzo por ingresar al país.
Las autoridades de Arica, la ciudad del norte de Chile que limita con Perú y está a unos 2.000 kilómetros (1.245 millas) de la capital de Santiago, declararon una emergencia migratoria el jueves.
Un día antes, la presidenta peruana, Dina Boluarte , declaró el estado de emergencia en Tacna, localidad cercana a la frontera con Chile, con el fin de “preservar el orden interno” y contener la llegada de migrantes. Al anunciar la medida, el presidente atribuyó “actos criminales” a los migrantes.
Boluarte dijo que impulsaría una reforma constitucional para “autorizar la intervención de las fuerzas armadas en la zona fronteriza”. Boric, por su parte, ya desplegó tropas en la frontera a finales de febrero para ayudar a frenar la entrada de migrantes.
Amnistía Internacional instó a Perú y Chile a poner fin a lo que llamó “la militarización” de la frontera. Los líderes de ambos lados están “agravando innecesariamente la situación, convirtiéndola en una crisis humanitaria que aumenta el riesgo para la vida y la seguridad de estas personas”, dijo Erika Guevara Rosas, directora de Amnistía Internacional para las Américas.
El gobierno chileno convocó al embajador peruano Jaime Pomareda para expresar su descontento por las declaraciones del alcalde de Tacna, Pascual Guisa, quien calificó al presidente de Chile de “irresponsable” por lo que el enviado calificó como un intento de trasladar los problemas migratorios del país a la frontera. Pomareda no se pronunció públicamente sobre la reunión.
El alcalde de Arica, Gerardo Espíndola, prometió “proporcionar recursos” para apoyar a los necesitados, en particular los niños y los ancianos.
“Actuaremos tan rápido como lo requiera esta situación crítica que afecta a las personas varadas en la frontera”, dijo Espíndola.
En medio del impasse, el presidente de la Cámara Baja del Congreso de Chile, Vlado Mirosevic, pidió un corredor humanitario que involucre a todos los países de la región para resolver la crisis y permitir a los migrantes un regreso seguro a Venezuela.
El ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de Chile, Alberto van Klaveren, advirtió que había “un importante problema humanitario en la zona” y dijo que la decisión de Boluarte “aumenta la presión” en la frontera.
La salida de migrantes de Chile se produce poco después de que la Fiscalía Nacional llamara el 10 de abril a los fiscales a solicitar prisión preventiva para cualquier persona sorprendida cometiendo un delito y que no pudiera acreditar su identidad.
Además, se debatirá en la Cámara Baja del Congreso una medida que clasificaría la inmigración irregular como un delito y propone penas de prisión de hasta 541 días para cualquiera que sea sorprendido ingresando a Chile a través de canales no oficiales.
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